Sunday, June 28, 2009

SQL Administrator - Database Job Description, Requirements

Database technologies have increased to a large proportion of most organizations in the information technology budget. As the dominant format, SQL databases have become an essential part of the data infrastructure for most companies. The changes have increased the demand for professionals SQL administrator with experience on the Web data, MsSQL and a variety of software technology from SQL 2000 and 2005.

An administrator running SQL Server to ensure SQL databases for a variety of the organization and to ensure the free flow of data to authorized users. An essential part is to develop a good firewall to ensure that security rights are well established to prevent unauthorized access of data both inside and outside of the organization. The ability to solve problems in a database is an important technique, as a DBA administrators to find new items almost every day. While most days, a director working to develop and improve existing technologies, they also need to be able to constantly test and correct any problems with the database to avoid potential problems. Since the big companies need rapid access to data, the Directors are constant upgrades and the creation of plans to upgrade software and hardware to improve performance.

Although no firm graduation, most professionals have a DBA associates, bachelors or masters with an emphasis on information systems, computer science or software engineering. More importantly, the skills needed to properly analyze the growth of Web data is a large set of quantitative skills that allow you to constantly learn new and emerging technologies. To this end, the directors of SQL databases should seek to become a Microsoft Certified Information Technology Professionals, which provides both certifications on existing technologies, as well as opportunities for training on software upgrades and future. MS SQL is a major component of SQL software and the open source MySQL. Most large companies rely on a complete set of solutions from Microsoft software to hardware, such as Microsoft SQL training will focus on the needs of most DBAs.

As a developing field, career prospects for Administrators SQL is strong with earnings above the average growth projections over the next decade. In order to maintain competition in the field, it is important to participate in continuing professional education to stay ahead of the curve. Like most areas, continuing professional development is an essential element to be promoted in the administration of SQL databases. Louis Zhang, Certdatabaseadministrator dot com

Saturday, June 27, 2009

IT Jobs - The Database Administrator

In the world of information technology there are many options to pursue if one is looking for a career strong and trustworthy. Work has been specifically be of great interest and is currently in need of more recruits. This IT work is that of a "database administrator" or for short, DBA. Database administrators obviously working with databases, especially management systems database software. The basic requirements for database administrators is to create databases, maintain and write programs for database administration.

DBA Duties

Responsibilities of database administrators differ on many factors. Depending on the specific job description DBA, interposed the business and political and technical aspects of systems management database (or DBMS) functions can vary considerably. What is certain, the duty wise, is a bit specific and necessary tasks must be fulfilled by all DBAs. DBAs are often required to conduct operations in the event of disaster, including recovery, performance analysis and tuning, maintenance and data dictionary to database design.

DBA duties clearly defined in the form to the protection and guarantee, or a company or a functional organization of databases and applications that meet these same databases, making sure to check the effectiveness and functionality.

6 tasks

Beyond the above obligations, DBAs are also responsible for 6 major tasks including the issues of recovery, integrity, security, availability, performance and development and testing support.

Recovery is here as a way to take precautionary measures in case of major errors in data entry, program bugs or hardware failures. The purpose of a DBA in terms of recovery is to be able to restore a database in the state it was prior to the failure or lose. Quite rightly, the recovery is also sometimes called "disaster recovery".

Database administrators require the integrity of the means to protect, but more importantly, to avoid giving data users to break the system business rules. Safety is of course that implies. And database administrators to adapt what they create to comply with company security policies of the user in terms of capacity, both in access and modification of data. Access here is just asked to provide database administrators are accessible to authorized users to access and modify data as necessary for business interests.

DBAs performance from a point of view is simply a task to maintain effective response times online and the proper functioning of all other aspects of the database linking process maintenance. If performance problems arise, DBAs SQL examine, the picture of the process and system architecture, individually speaking. And finally, the development and testing support for database administrators is less important than collecting samples of production data for testing of new and / or modification of programs, consultation with programmers about performance tuning and to make certain design changes table to provide new means for storing new functions.

Prerequisite action

Before going out in fact in the real world of work as a DBA, you must get their Microsoft certification, or the gain of which is considered as a Microsoft Certified Database Administrator certification for short or MCDBA. They are going through various stages of training, testing and certification of actual implementation. It is not necessarily easy, but in the long term, become a success, accelerated and DBA respected, you must have MCDBA certification valid for the DBA and the IT skills and capabilities. And once that is taken, a DBA position can be gained and responsibilities above are implemented.

Wednesday, June 24, 2009

How to Work in a Team in Your Development DBA Job

Any work in stages of development can be confusing. Development DBA jobs are intended to explain the ground level, basic elements of DBA jobs. They will introduce you to DBA software that is commonly used in the office. DBA manager probably around you and become familiar with all forms and DBA DBA database you are working. However, there is much room for creativity with the development of jobs, because the product is not yet fully developed. So you join the team that brings together the final product. So when you are initially hired for the team, you'll be looking for a product that could go through a complete metamorphosis before reaching completion. This could be fun or a tiring aspect of the job description.

Imagine a cocoon becomes a butterfly. If you were to see a cocoon for the first time and I did not know it would open to release a beautiful butterfly, you never think of the idea. This is not something that comes naturally to mind when seeing a cocoon, unless you have the imagination of a child. In this case, you can imagine all sorts of things that could be repeated from a single cocoon. One might think that all the monsters that eat the cocoon, or you can create a world of its own entirely within the cocoon. Perhaps there is a world inside there be a party now! This is the kind of thing that a child born in his mind on something very simple like a cocoon.

However, for the rest of us look and have no idea what comes of it. One might think, is the remains of a dead insect. One might think it is simply the return from the sleep of hibernation of the track that created it. It seems that this could be an exoskeleton that has been provided by the track and left behind. But give him a few weeks and suddenly we see what it turns into. That is what development is like a database. You start with something so simple and so complex that it seems to be simple, and then you work on developing it into something beautiful!

One of the challenges of development DBA jobs, is what you have to work with a team of nerdy mathematicians. They think they know everything and you could get some really heated arguments expose their ego. When you know you're smarter than everyone in the room, he places a heavy burden on your shoulders and you find that you hardly keep others within the team and convince them to spit their ideas even if they are all trivial meaning and end. However, you must learn to work with them to achieve the final product. If you have difficulty working with others in general, you should look into taking the classes together so you can figure that one out for yourself. You'll need to learn to work with others, one day. Otherwise, how a marriage can do for you? You can not just dominate your spouse be given and taken and the collaboration and synergy must be the result of it. The same goes for the relationship you develop with your fellow team members. So before you register for a Development DBA job, you should look into taking some courses or work in team projects.

You can also look reality in playing a sport. Of sports video games do not count. You need a reality on the ground and start playing. Up and down the field, pass the ball, etc. This will help you learn what it means to be a team player, especially if you have to work together as a team to beat the other team. If you find that you love the game and become competitive, you can learn how to work with others to achieve your goal. People who have learned in high school are often well positioned to work with teams in different environments, such as development teams for databases. Databases can be very simple or they can be very complex and complicated. The more complicated they are, the more they will need a good team to put together. This is all the elements, and each team member contributes to block another product.

I remember taking a class together. We were all a bunch of artists who felt arrogant, as we all knew and did not need the help of others. But the class has forced us to work together and compete against other teams in the class. This forced us to learn how to build others to create a synergy and results through true collaboration. It was very beneficial at the time and still serves its purpose. So if you need help to build the skills of your team, you may want to consider returning to school for one or two classes.

The other option is to hit your teammates and finishing of the project while they are unconscious. I can not really, but I've seen it done many times. It has been effective in times of need. There were teams that were simply unmanageable. They were undisciplined, and that nothing would ever come to him. So you just had to hit the ones causing all the problems. Put them and the rest of your team out of their misery so the rest of you can go back to work and, indeed, do something productive. You may never be faced with this dilemma, but you never know. It never hurts to be prepared for all possible outcomes. These types of jobs deserves all types of actions to produce a solid result in the end.

Tuesday, June 23, 2009

What is a Database Administrator?

A database administrator or DBA, is an individual who is responsible for ensuring the smooth running of a database. The work includes a number of skills because it is a difficult role that requires focus, logic and enthusiasm personality who can cope under pressure. DBAs are required to work within an organization to monitor, repair and develop databases.

Day to day you will be asked to:

* Ensure that databases are secure.
* Analyze data and ensure optimal performance and efficiency.
* Configuration of hardware and software to the facility.
* Database design to ensure they meet the requirements and anticipate potential problems.
* Installation of software: two new versions of software and software updates.
* Commercial - this is to ensure the safety, storage and recovery procedures are in place.
* Understand and use SQL (Structured Query Language).

The most exciting to be a director, is that every day is a challenge to provide solutions that are immediate and long term. Very often, you'll be at the heart of the organization you work in. This is because the flow of data is still important in the current economic environment and the role of the administrator is to ensure that data is distributed smoothly and efficiently. This makes the role of a DBA very rewarding for those who choose to take it.

To be fully qualified DBA many people take the MCDBA. This is the Microsoft Certified Database Administrator course you put on a good foot to start your career in IT.

Candidates get to learn the skills they need to work in a structured manner. As the course is offered by Microsoft, it is constantly updated to ensure you receive the best education you can apply immediately once in the workplace.

Monday, June 22, 2009

OCP Certifications an Assumed Must For DBA Posts

DBA aspirants earlier, cup of technical books and frequently asked questions to get through the interview. Judge the real potential of a person from a few more questions to mismatched jobs, but after the entrance of the oracle certification or OCP certification in 90 years things are changing for the better.

The OCP certification program provides ample exposure of students to different areas of Oracle RDBMS. DBA needs to be technically sound as a small error in databases can lead to many problems. DBA certification is not a new concept, but with the world speaks the language of Oracle, the word 'DBA certification' has become synonymous with OCP certification. If you are a provider of job search for good or database assistants and DBA OCP certification is what you need for hunting. With most technical issues are becoming so commonplace that even a beginner in its stores after the language, Oracle certification serves as a key parameter to influence the ability of a DBA.

For aspirants, oracle certification should be a must in your curriculum vitae to a breakthrough in easy being a DBA. A certificate recognized DBA as it will certainly put you on track immediately, without sleeves and lets you bring in one place! With stiff competition every day, one should always try to be at the cutting edge over the other and begin OCP certificate is the key to success behind the door.

Sunday, June 21, 2009

Defense Base Act (DBA) Claims - Determining the Correct Average Weekly Wage (AWW)

One of the problems that arises in an act of base defense (DBA) is the determination of the correct average weekly wage (AWW) of the plaintiff victim. In general, AWW is calculated by first determining if the claimant worked substantially the whole year prior to the injury. If yes, is this work with the same employer or at the very least, similar employment? If so, wages are simply calculated, divided by 52 and an AWW is determined. There are several problems which rear their ugly heads, such as: what constitutes "substantially the whole year" and what type of job qualifies as "similar employment". Depending on the case, decided under the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (LHWCA), 37 weeks is the benchmark for the term "substantially the whole year." Therefore, if you 37 worked 52 weeks, you qualify in May.

If it is determined that you have not worked substantially the whole year before your injury, the LHWCA provides several alternatives to determining your AWW. The question is whether you are a five or six days the employee and what your daily rate of pay is.

Now that you have the bottom of the LHWCA, let me tell you where the problems arise. First, most people who choose to work in Iraq, Afghanistan or other areas where bases are located defense, choose not to be there for an indefinite time. Therefore, most claimants in the base Defense Act (DBA) of cases, do not work substantially all of the years before their injury wages paid abroad.

Second, the companies make a conscious effort to establish the date of injury as soon as possible. This does not necessarily coincide with the date of disability. Therefore, a worker injured in May continue to serve its foreign employer that your salary much lower in the United States are taken into account in his AWW. In one case I had, the injured worker had a problem with his lungs. This follows from the horrible air quality in Kabul, Afghanistan. A doctor, he attributed to the toxins, including faecal material suspended in the air in the air. My first customer was a doctor in September, but did not stop working until August Instead of getting credit for trying to work, the insurer that simply because he only worked for two months abroad, income in the United States should be used to determine AWW. The income of the applicant in the United States were nearly half of its revenues in Afghanistan. We argued that because the employer put the employee at risk and paid him accordingly, he is entitled to the higher AWW. This is not a new theory, it has been highlighted in many cases, DBA, but the issue has not yet been finally settled. I had a case where the insurer calculates the salary my client, less than $ 300.00 per week.

As you can see from the articles throughout the internet, the insurers are doing everything possible to reduce costs and draw huge profits from the tragedy in Iraq and Afghanistan. Where to draw the line? If the OWCP and our courts allow this travesty of justice? The answer is obviously "no", but how can it be prevented?

Prevent us from responding. Each of thousands of injuries under the DBA must consider whether the insurer pays the amount of wages. Please do not believe in any way the insurance companies that manage these claims will be just for you. For the most part, they will do all they can do to ensure that injured workers will be paid as little as possible. They do this in a number of ways, but everything starts with the average weekly wage.

Anyone who currently receives benefits, or even those who have received benefits in the past, should determine if AWW was calculated correctly. Under the LHWCA, there is a provision that if no method established in the law can fairly calculate a person AWW, the OWCP or the administrative law judge and must do so. I take it means that security risks and sacrifices must be taken into account. You've already taken the risk. You must be compensated for that.

Herbert Chestnut is a Georgia Workers' Compensation attorney in Marietta, Georgia with over 25 years experience. It provides services in Georgia workers' compensation injuries and cases of Iraq contractors under the Defense Act of base. Mr. Chestnut is the author of The Law on Defense Base Blog and was named Prosecutor of the work of the year three times by Consumer Business Review. See the website of his company to http://www.chestnutlegal.com

Saturday, June 20, 2009

Database Administrator Salary - DBA Career Path

Undertake a career in technology has a number of advantages, including a starting salary higher average range. Whether you are pursuing your first degree in the technical field or transition to another career, the database administrator scale provides an increase of more than most other career fields. To reach a higher salary at the end of the pay scale, it is necessary to obtain certain certifications which will allow you to compete in a wide range of DBA jobs.

Rental businesses database helps administrators to manage information more efficiently. Administrators to help manage databases, including performing backups, security checks and upgrades to both keep the data safe and accessible. With the increasing importance of data in decision-making enterprise, ensuring the availability of a database is an essential component of modern enterprises. Each company uses a unique set of databases from a number of vendor suppliers, led by the principal provides Oracle, MySQL and Microsoft. Database administrators the highest possible search of the salary range should strive to obtain and improve their qualifications.

If you are working towards a career in database administration, be sure to develop both a basic skill in computer and database technology, and gain work experience during your training. The development of a broad understanding of software development, you put yourself in a position that you can master a number of programs and can switch from one to another if necessary. Determine the supplier database, which uses your potential employer and start improving your skills with the system.

For those who work with Oracle, you must work with materials in the Oracle Certified Professional program that allows you to get a first Oracle Certified Associate certification. The Associate certification will enable you to work in most organizations, although to earn promotions to higher roles, you have to take another exam to become a certified professional and a master.

Microsoft has a wide range of certifications from the Certified Application Specialist program, which gives you access to the expertise and offices, as well as more analytical Certified Technical Specialist. As a technical specialist, you can start working with Microsoft SQL servers, which many professional organizations to run, and can work on new technical certifications in Business Intelligence and development of databases. Those seeking the highest wages in enterprises should form a Microsoft Certified Information Technology Professional titles, which is the most respected Microsoft certification.

More and more companies are turning to open source technology, MySQL certifications from Certified Associates for the administrator and the developers allow you to progress to higher wages in firms using mySQL. Taking advantage of training programs will continue your career within your organization, and creating opportunities for career options in other companies. Louis Zhang, Certdatabaseadministrator dot com

Friday, June 19, 2009

OCP Certifications an Assumed Must For DBA Posts



DBA aspirants cup earlier technical notes and frequently asked questions throughout the interview. Judge genuine opportunities for the person a few questions Mismatched jobs, but after the entrance of the Oracle certification or OCP certification in 90 years things are changing for the better.

The OCP Certification program offers plenty of exposure to students from different regions of the Oracle RDBMS. DBA is a technically sound as a small error in databases can lead to many problems. DBA certification is not a new concept, but the world is talking about the Oracle language, the word 'DBA certification' has become a synonym for OCP certification. If you are a provider of job search, good or database assistants and DBA OCP certification is what you need for hunting. Since most of the technical issues are becoming so common that even the beginner to save the following language, Oracle certification operates a key factor affecting the ability to have DBA.

For aspirants, oracle certification should not have their own curriculum vitae is a breakthrough in easy it is to DBA. The certificate recognized by DBA, as it surely follow you immediately, without sleeves, and you can bring together in one place! With stiff competition every day, you should always try to be at the top over the other and start OCP certificate is the key to success behind the door.

Doctor of Business Administration - DBA - The New MBA?


Did you know that the United States produced more than 90,000 MBA graduates a year? And in the United Kingdom, the second-largest producer, which produces more than 10,000 MBA graduates a year? Maybe subscribed MBA thinking that it's special, but it was noted that the fact that almost all of you work with is also an MBA? Actually, it is possible to say that the MBA has become a victim of its own success. The MBA has not promotion and economic success - is now the minimum qualification for entry into society.

When asked, the Association of MBA in 1300 respondents suggested that the reason why the MBA has been adopted as follows: If you want to get the qualifications (82%), increase in the number of jobs (79%), intellectual stimulation (70%), to increase wages (67%) In order to obtain general skills (64%) that you want to change the direction of their careers (61%), and to increase their own-confidence (52%). Unfortunately, many students find that opportunities to increase their wages or improvement in job opportunities after graduation will be fulfilled. In fact, a substantial cost to the MBA has been removed because the company can not see the MBA as an advantage of experience or other evidence of formal qualifications.

Enter a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA). The DBA is a professional qualification which is designed to allow players who are already in post-secondary, such as MBA education and expand the body to promote awareness of their practice area. Given that the DBA is a practical course requires candidates to study the area of business practice is usually offered in the performance of managers.

What is the difference between DBA and PhD? The DBA is a doctorate designed for experienced professionals, is based on research management issues. In contrast, the PhD places emphasis on the development of new knowledge and theoretical perspectives. The DBA is a widely recognized qualification equivalent to standing in the PhD. As with LJM at the University of the State "Put simply Dr promote knowledge while DBA promotes the practice of both cases to the new information." According to University of Surrey in Britain, "The DBA is in today's business world. Often it is better business than the narrow-PhD Doctor. This is because the approach is broader and the work they do so, as the basis of research."

DBA is usually conducted in two phases. The first is taught component consists of several companies and research methodology modules, which are designed to help the candidate countries to develop in depth business knowledge and understanding of research process is a doctoral level. This step may take one or two years, a candidate is usually required, and defend the research project. The second step is a research component in which the candidate is required to produce a piece of original research, which emphasizes applied knowledge in the working environment. This may take two to four years. Some institutions will allow the candidates to produce three separate documents, such as work, three papers are bound together and submitted for assessment more than once until the end. Bound is then sent to an external examination and viva (defense). The successful candidate must be able to demonstrate how their research will be guided by practice.

The DBA is offered a number of universities around the world. However, when the selected course, it is important to ensure that the university is recognized - look for the accreditation of European organizations, such as EQUIS and EDAMBA or American AACSB. The application process is usually possible candidate by filling in the application and research proposal. The proposal will ensure that the University is able to monitor your important business practice in the event that work is a highly specialized field. It is also to show that you have the basic knowledge and the research process. Applicants must have an MBA or equivalent master's business and be able to demonstrate that they have experience in managing the deepest level, or relevant work experience. Non-native speakers of English is usually expected to be at the level of IELTS 7.0 or equivalent.

The DBA is therefore a natural progression after the MBA. It is based on the MBA foundation and add more. This is an exclusive and very few directors have. As a result, Doctor of Business Administration is set to replace the MBA as "is a" qualified business life - and, unlike the invisible MBA, you can "doctor" on his business card! What better way to stand out from the crowd?

Wednesday, June 17, 2009

DBA Law - Don't Get Caught - Get a DBA

How to get a DBA

Here's what must be dba or how to get your dba. Remember that you must apply for a DBA Business Name in California, Florida and most other countries, if your company name does not contain the last official name or if you are incorporated or formed a LLC and the company name differs from the LLC, or the legal name of the person.

What is a "DBA" name?

"Administrator" means "Doing Business As ...". When using a DBA a person or company operates its business using the name of the company other than their actual, real name. For example, John Jones, a clothing merchant, will launch a new company called "American Retail Stores." His name is not on his own behalf, he is a DBA. However, it is said that John Jones does business, "John Jones wholesalers", then the administrator need not be formed because the owner's legal name can be said that the DBA name .

Similarly, if you incorporate or form an LLC and the Company, or LLC, or any other corporation, not the name of a company other than the official name of the Corporation or LLC, the DBA must be registered . If the Company or LLC is the name of "consulting, Inc." and the company has business with the same group name "Advisors, Inc", you do not need a DBA. However, if the "Advisors, Inc "is the name" Biz advisers, for example a company or LLC must file a DBA. Here is an affordable and professional dba filing service that allows you to save dba: http://www.businessname.net. Can I use any name or word in all my DBA Business Name?

Usually, you can use any word in the context of your company name, such as the "King of the landscape", "Nationwide American Jewelry", "One Day Care" or "Cleaning Service of Mimi," and so on. Propres products, position, name or first name or another name can be a part of your company's DBA name. However, most States do not you file a dba name of an "Inc", " LLC "or any other suffix that indicated business unit. So if you want the DBA when to incorporate or form an LLC, choose a name that does not include the attachments business. For example, if the company formally known as "IDM, Inc" and want to leave the DBA "IDM California, Inc", you will not receive a file in it. If the file is exactly the same name without the " inc "suffix, you can file. If I incorporate or form an LLC, Do I need a DBA in my company?

You will leave the company dba name is different from the name of doing business. Example: the name of the Company is "XYZ, Inc." and the company is an undertaking as "John's Auto Repair." You'll have to leave under the DBA Corporation.

What do I need for a DBA?

First, it makes you legitimate. So it helps you comply with the legal requirement that any person under the company name other than their legal name must file a DBA. Secondly, it is mandatory to open a deposit to checking bank account in the name of the company. Without a registered DBA, it is almost impossible to open a bank account - banks do not open a business account with a copy filed DBA registration certificate. Please note that some banks, may also ask you for the business license. On the other hand, if they form an LLC or incorporated, you do not need to submit a DBA. When you see a banker, just show your license, and it can not even ask about the company's license.

What if you include a LLC or Get a business license.

Will I still be required to file a DBA? Yes, you can include or file an LLC or DBA. If you incorporate, you do not need to submit a dba. However, most Member States, you get the permit to operate does not exempt you from the obligation to file a DBA. Also, does not that eliminate the requirement that even their own license.

What information is contained in the company name DBA application?

Most DBA Business Name must contain the following information: name and address of the owner of small business. Description of small businesses in business. And many other data relating to the company or business owner.

What if I have a DBA Business Name?

Most states require a DBA filing a trade name. California and most other states, you must have a DBA company name, before you start your business and it is good. In some states, it May be a violation, he did not file.

Copyright (c) 2007 Elias Stassinos

Stassinos Elias, Esq. is an attorney in business law. Visit his website: Mr. http://www.stassinos.com Stassinos is also a legal advisor to http://www.businessnameusa.com, a licensing company.

The Seven Deadly Habits of a DBA and How to Cure Them

Vice widespread appeal in database administration "deadly" appear in May
excessive. However, considering the nature of the most critical, and how can
damaging data loss or corruption in May be a corporation, "deadly" seems pretty
dead-on.

Although these practices are unfortunately prevalent in the database administrators, they are curable with
Some astute management intervention. The following is a list of seven practices that we
examine the most deadly, with a few ideas on how to eliminate them.

Behavior 1. A leap of faith: "We have faith in our backup."

Blind faith can be endearing, but when it came back up a database. Backup
should be trusted only to the extent that they have been tested and verified.

Cures:

Did you verify that the database administrators are often backup succeed, preferably with a
informed of this script if you have a problem.
Maintain a backup of your backup. Database administrators must always be at least two backup
procedures. The common method is to use the old backup Exports
for online backups.
Test resource recovery as possible. The early signs that your team is dba
is overloaded or not priority is to have a good quarter, without a
recovery test. Recovery test to confirm that your backup strategy is on track, while
that allows your team to carry out recovery activities in order to effectively treat
when the time comes.

Behavior 2. Great expectations: "This will work the way we expected it. Let's go
to come. "

Although it is not easy to use for the traditional definition, Oracle is very power-user
nice-if you worked for a while, you develop an instinct for
the way things "should" work. Although this kind are often right, one of the most --
dangerous habits any dba can have is an assumption that Oracle is "just work"
how it should be.

Cures:

Instilling a "practice, practice, practice" mentality throughout the organization. Database administrators
you need to repeat the work safely in a sandbox designed to test
closely simulate the behavior of the production system. The organization must
allow time and money for them to do so.
Pair of experience with senior DBAs as possible or get in
your own. New DBAs tend to be chivalrous, but learning other people
experience can help instill some paranoia necessary.
Review plans for all. It's amazing how database administrators often say: "I am a
hundreds of times, I need a plan. "If they were in the implementation mode, they
absolutely need a plan.

Behavior 3. Laissez-faire administration: "We do not need to monitor the system.
Users always tell us when something is wrong. "

If you are depending on users to let the team dba a problem, it May
be too late.

Cures:

Installing the availability and performance monitoring systems so that problems are identified
and resolved before they cause failures affecting services.
Avoid post-release software issues, working with developers and testers
ensure that all loans to the production of software is robust and high performance.

Behavior # 4. A Memory Test: "We remember how it happened, and what we have done
things are new. "

It seems impossible that in May a team of dba to mention a great strategy for
this week on the right, and yet it happens all the time. To avoid
Currently, the mistakes and learn from the experience, the documentation is
essential.

Cures:

Require that database administrators your maintenance of a library and documentation
activity log, including a level of reasoning, syntax and the details of workflow.
Give your team groupware on your intranet so that the documents
be accessed in an emergency.
Enforce the discipline of documentation and review it periodically. Ask your DBAs:
If tablespace is created, by whom, and what SQL? What activities are
performed on a particular day? If we can not respond quickly, you know went
to rely on memory.

Behavior 5. Reproach: "Do not look to me, is the developer of sin, which is SQL
of production "

Some DBAs have a real "us against them" mentality when it comes to developer
their organizations. No, they see themselves as facilitators help developers
develop quality code from a database perspective, but rather as providers of care
prevent poor quality of the code go to production. It appears in May
semantics, but a confrontational relationship between developers and DBAs results
a lack of initiative and developer downturns in the cycle.

Cures:

Select DBAs understand it is their responsibility to work as a team
with the developers they support.
Cultivating thinking by a team of structuring dba participation in each project
instead of reviewing Compass.
Consider allocating an individual dba developer supporting role. While it is clear that
job description, with more motivation to do well.

Behavior # 6. LAW Solo: "I know what I do, and do not need help."

Database administration is becoming more complex and the most senior DBAs
probably not know all the details. DBAs have different specialties, who need
were slaughtered and used. When DBAs feel that they know or should know, all
They call and lose the valuable knowledge they can acquire
other.

Cures:

Promote a culture of teamwork where it is acceptable for database administrators to admit that they do not know
answers and ask for help.
Encourage your DBAs is without a peer group as a forum for
own thinking and test their hypotheses. Corresponding to any person
knowledge and experience of a relatively small group.
Provide a safety net for resources such as technology, reference materials, courses and
outside experts or consultants to the call.

Behavior # 7. TECHNO-thirsty "Things are working to better except that we are ..."

DBAs are often above the latest technology, which can help them make
superlative job. But when the desire for new technologies due to recommend DBAs
the purchase of unnecessary hardware or software add-on, costs tend to skyrocket
quickly, as well as problems.

Cures:

Do not upgrade your hardware without exhausting all shades
time. Remember ten years ago, large companies are run on servers
one-tenth of all levels through the needs and abilities.
Objection to the use of new or advanced features that you are aware of
maintenance costs during the commitment and results.
Attention to software support dba presents a graphical interface for the poor
activities. This type of interface allows a novice dba acting as an intermediary dba
in certain circumstances, but at the same time prevents you from novice
learning skills behind the actual work. Also, these tools can often hide the real
dba risk, do things that May damaging as easy as point-and --
click.

If a twelve-step program or a small adjustment, all fatal
Dba practices can be kicked. Of course, the first step is to recognize the problem. By
from this list and make a careful inventory of up to
database administration of your team, you're on your way to find a cure.

Paul VallÃĐe
President, Founder

Since founding the company Paul was a major problem Pythian sniper for our most difficult technical challenges. Before launching http://www.pythian.com, he worked as a consultant Oracle brings its extensive expertise in various companies in North America.

Paul is an active participant in the Internet since 1989 and has worked with complex data environments and ERP implementations. He graduated from the University of Ottawa with a B. comm. Management information system.

Monday, June 15, 2009

First Steps to Becoming an Oracle Database Administrator

You think you want to be an Oracle DBA? Well, first of all, consider the reality of the profession ...

Yes, wages for a senior Oracle DBA is very attractive. It has advantages and disadvantages for dba. 24X7 on-call is the norm, make calls during the holidays, weddings, baptisms, surgery, etc, are expected. If dba is saavy and automates much of their work, they had better find another means of * visible * add value to the company, or they are employed.

The bright side, the profession is evolving and always difficult, and that for many prevents never boring. Wages may be very good experience for a database administrator with special skills and a degree (six issues), and better leadership and management credentials and experience.

A database administrator is not only a mechanic who maintains the database engine online and running. He has been involved in capacity planning, which has a financial impact for the company. In many cases, the dba has direct contact with the customer if the company manages other information in any way, and therefore has an important role in the company's relationship is the customer. DBA is responsible for safeguarding the security and integrity of company data. Negligence on the part of the dba can rapidly provide a healthy company.

Ok, ready to begin? If you finish school and IT is not your level, it is always possible to break the ground. I have a master's degree in animal physiology, and began to learn to Oracle because when I Ininom over program management of environmental data at the University of McNeese State (mumble) years, the budget I inherited Here some first step:

First, if possible, move to your current position, where you will have the opportunity to work with the current dba (s), or create a small database of environmental superiority. Perhaps you could propose a small project which is not to generate more data (at least initially) than many other expensive hardware is required. If you are proposing a pilot project, you can justify having a small server at the end of the guarantee is the mouth pool. Make friends with the director (s). If you know Unix, with a Unix / Linux machine. If you do not know Unix, try to get a Windows box to flatten your learning curve. Want to learn ultimately that Linux, like most Oracle databases on Linux, in the real world than Windows.

Then go open an account (OTN) at the Oracle Corporation's TechNet site, otn.oracle.com (I am not affiliated with Oracle and do not receive any traffic to get there!). It's free, and you need to download the software development under license from Oracle (training is a legitimate use of the Oracle software is licensed). Use this account to access the document to install the latest Oracle database release. Pay special attention to hardware requirements.

If the above is not possible, the next option is to purchase equipment to create a sandbox for you. If you can not pay you, you can start Oracle Database XE. It is small and shiny and can be installed in most laptops. This is slightly different in XE, but it is very good for learning SQL, stopping and starting a database, configure the listener, and more.

If you have your hardware, I suggest you start with 2-dba document, the "Administrator's Guide", "Concept" and "SQL Language Reference."

Administration of Oracle databases is a hell of a big elephant to eat. It is a large body of knowledge, and it is a moving target. You do not know two days, although the title of a part of the documentation. Bring to a small bite at a time. If you have any problems during your training, do a web search to find out how others have solved the problem. If your company uses Oracle and Oracle Support to an agreement, I strongly recommend that your DBA team and ask them if you can add the company to CSI as a Metalink user. You should go to Metalink and ask for an account on a CSI, you get the number of dba team. After you apply, send an email Metalink who is the administrator of the CSI (Customer Service Identifier), and they approve it, it is better to speak of dba (s) first. Tell them you want to learn Oracle on your own and want to read Metalink Notes.

If you have large pockets, or your company agree to pay for training, look to take some courses with Oracle University. My experience that much more if I course Oracle first half efforts to get pictures of what is taught. Because the courses are not cheap, it is a good investment of your time. Oracle certification by itself is not of the earth in general you a job as an Oracle DBA, however, the equivalent of candidates, it could be "extra" things like having an interview. Most companies do an interview technique in hiring, maintenance is often very strict. Sometimes the interaction is too strict, that is someone who knows nothing about the HR Oracle has a series of questions, they have watched the Internet, and not understand the question nor the answer. May this be for you sense will probably not get a lot of poor follow-up questions ... it can work against you, even if there are other ways to do something, and HR are listed expected response. For example, many ways to clone a database ... cloning from a copy of cold, rman duplicate, export / import ... and more ...

The first time I aspired to become an Oracle DBA to 1998, I spent about two hours a day for about six months, while setting up a database of environmental data management. I took my certification exam (one twice) and has become an Oracle Certified Professional ". I knew almost nothing, but the fact that there was sufficient" book of knowledge that I went to Oracle Corporation 2-hour technical conference and went to work for them as junior dba. I have come a long way since then and even now, eleven years later, I continue to learn new things all the time Current practice my profession.

DBA (Fictitious Business Name) Filings

If you are a corporation, LLC or sole proprietorship, May there are benefits to file a "Doing Business As" or "administrator" for your company.
What is an administrator?

Dba for "doing business as" and is a public official and the registration of a trade name. Database administrator is also known under dummy names, not real names, names, and trade names. essentially, a dba is the name of a company other than the owner's name or in the case of a corporation, a name that is different from the name on file with Secretary of State.

What are the benefits to file a dba?

Dba, it is easy to:
• Open a bank account and collect payments and check your company name
• look more professional, by promoting a corporate identity
• Begin marketing and advertising under a name other than your personal name or business

What is an example of a dba and how it is used?

If you are a sole proprietor named Jane Brown and your company name is "donuts Unlimited," you register your business as Jane Brown, doing business as "donuts Unlimited."
I have a name for my company or LLC. Do I need a dba?

If you have a company or an LLC and want to do business under a different name from your name, most states require that you file a "Doing Business As" or "trustee" .

For example, if an LLC is doing business under the name "Studio City, but the company name is" pinnacle Projects, LLC ", then a director must be filed on behalf of Studio City." Dba file this should be done on county or state (if any) where the office and address of the company is located.

What information is required to file a dba?

Dba filings usually contain the name of the applicant, the date of filing, the company name and dummy address. Deposits can be made by individuals or companies. In most states, you must file a dba with administrative authorities, accompanied by a state or county tax. In some states, you will also have the name published in a newspaper to give notice of new names.

Saturday, June 13, 2009

Window Cleaning Business Names - How to Choose a Good DBA

When you think of a name, try not to use your own name. Like Joe's Window Cleaning, or Frank's Window Washing. It'sa good idea to have the word window washing or cleaning windows in the name of your company. I recommend using instead of window cleaning window washing, he seemed to have better odds of Google searches.

A good way to start thinking about names online is to see that the window cleaners are using their company. An important aspect to note that you can choose any name you want as long as no other company using the same name in your area. If they are in another city, then fine. Unless of course it is a national franchise that case in May term complications. Example Fish Window Cleaning is a name you can not use this issue is a national company.

Another important point to consider when choosing your name to purchase a domain name which is online. You must have a website and it helps to day if you can get domain names for your website based on your real world business. So visit the website domain to see if the reflection on the names is available or if there are variations of this approach.

For example, I go through all SqueakyClean one word, and my domain name is similar. I enrolled in two of my business with the clerical councils. Note that you can have multiple business names and domain names. It's a good idea especially if you want someone in your area to come to a similar name.

When choosing your name, you should try to think of something that is unforgettable. I chose my SqueakyClean and logo is a duck with a scraper. I help a friend in his name which is a Sunday Window Washing Week logo. Simple and easy to remember. Try to think of brand names and logos they use, he will mind the discussion on track.

Rabbit Window Cleaning can be a good, you can have a quick glance rabbit you quickly. Important your name is not fully consult with your industry in this case is the cleaning of windows, just make sure you have a window where cleaning or some kind of reference to the window cleaning of your logo. I actually started cleaning the windows of my logo does not even phase me. d 'a window of opportunity to clean up unless I have the words in my own name. You do not want your potential customers do not know what you do.

Once you've chosen your name and you've found is available online and then go to your local county clerks and see if it is available. This is called the registration of one or dba "Doing Business As". I propose one or two names or variations of your name in this case is already taken. When you buy your name in the county clerks office, you should buy a domain online. If you buy a domain that could be the first, you lose your money if it is not available in the county clerks office. The name is on the cost of $ 50 depending on where you live, and you must renew your name from many years. Remember to save your paper, they send your official request as your name.

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āļˆุāļ”āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļ­ีāļāļ„ิāļ”āļ–้āļēāļŠื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļ„ืāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ‹ื้āļ­āļŠื่āļ­āđ‚āļ”āđ€āļĄāļ™āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™์. āļ„ุāļ“āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļĄีāđ€āļ§็āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•์āļ™ี้āļ§ัāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŠ่āļ§āļĒāļŦāļēāļāļŠื่āļ­āđ‚āļ”āđ€āļĄāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāđ€āļ§็āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•์āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļš āļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āđ‚āļĨāļ. āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™ี้āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđ‚āļ”āđ€āļĄāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ§็āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•์āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļ”ูāļ§่āļēāļŠื่āļ­āļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļ°āļ—้āļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦ้āļšāļĢิāļāļēāļĢ āļŦāļĢืāļ­āļŠิ่āļ‡āļ—ี่āļ­āļĒู่āđƒāļāļĨ้.

āļ•ัāļ§āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠ่āļ™āļ‰ัāļ™āļˆāļ°āļ—ั้āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” SqueakyClean āļ„āļģāđāļĨāļ°āļŠื่āļ­āđ‚āļ”āđ€āļĄāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‰ัāļ™āđ€āļŦāļĄืāļ­āļ™āļัāļš. āļ‰ัāļ™āļĄีāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļĢูāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‰ัāļ™āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āļัāļš Landkreis Sachbearbeiter āļŠāļģāļ™ัāļāļ‡āļēāļ™. āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ”āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ§่āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļžิ่āļĄāđ€āļ•ิāļĄāļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āđāļĨāļ°āļŠื่āļ­āđ‚āļ”āđ€āļĄāļ™. āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„ิāļ”āļ—ี่āļ”ีāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŦāļēāļāļ„ุāļ“āđ„āļĄ่āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦ้āđƒāļ„āļĢāļšāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āļžื้āļ™āļ—ี่āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļŠื่āļ­ āļ—ี่āļ„āļĨ้āļēāļĒāļัāļ™.

āļ–้āļēāļ—่āļēāļ™āļ›้āļ­āļ™āļŠื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļ„ุāļ“āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļˆāļ°āļĨืāļĄāđ€āļŠีāļĒāđ„āļĄ่āđ„āļ”้. āļ‰ัāļ™ SqueakyClean āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļĨāđ‚āļ้āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‰ัāļ™āđ€āļ›็āļ™āđ€āļ›็āļ”āļัāļšāļĄีāļ”āđ‚āļāļ™. āļ‰ัāļ™āļŠ่āļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦ้āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļēāļŠื่āļ­āļŦāļ™้āļēāļ•่āļēāļ‡āļ‹ัāļāļ”้āļ§āļĒāļ­āļē. āđ‚āļĨāđ‚āļ้āļ­āļē.. āļ‡่āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ°āļ”āļ§āļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļ”āļˆāļģ. āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ„ิāļ”āļ§่āļēāđāļšāļĢāļ™āļ”์āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĨāđ‚āļ้āļŠื่āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļ—ี่āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļŠ้āļ™ี้āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”้āļĢัāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āđƒāļˆāļ„ิāļ”āļ”้āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ§āļē āļ•ิāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄ.

āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āļŦāļ™้āļēāļ•่āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ—ี่āļ”ีāļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠ้āļāļēāļĢāļ„้āļ™āļŦāļēāļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ§āļ”āđ€āļĢ็āļ§ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļ•่āļēāļĒāļ—ี่āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦ้āļ„ุāļ“āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ§āļ”āđ€āļĢ็āļ§. āđƒāļ™āļ­āļĢāļĢāļ–āļšāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠื่āļ­āļ—ี่āđ„āļĄ่āļĄิāļ”āļŠิāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“ีāļ™ี้āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āļŦāļ™้āļēāļ•่āļēāļ‡ āđāļ•่āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđƒāļŦ้āđāļ™่āđƒāļˆāļ§่āļēāļŦāļ™้āļēāļ•่āļēāļ‡āļ‹ึ่āļ‡āļšāļēāļ‡āļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āļŦāļĢืāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­้āļēāļ‡āļ­ิāļ‡āđƒāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ” Windows āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĨāđ‚āļ้āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“. āļ‰ัāļ™āļĨ้āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™้āļēāļ•่āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļĨāđ‚āļ้āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‰ัāļ™āđāļĄ้āļ§่āļēāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄ่āđ„āļ”้āļĒāļāđ€āļ§้āļ™āļŠื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‰ัāļ™. āļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āļŦāļ™้āļēāļ•่āļēāļ‡āļ‰ัāļ™āđ€āļ§้āļ™āđāļ•่āļ‰ัāļ™āļĄีāļ„āļģāļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āļŠื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‰ัāļ™. āļ„ุāļ“āđ„āļĄ่āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦ้āļĨูāļāļ„้āļēāļ—ี่āļĄีāļĻัāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāđ„āļĄ่āļĢู้āļŠิ่āļ‡āļ—ี่āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļˆ้āļēāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģ.

āđ€āļĄื่āļ­āļ—่āļēāļ™āđ€āļĨืāļ­āļāļŠื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āđāļĨāļ°āļ„ุāļ“āļˆāļ°āđ€āļŦ็āļ™āļĄัāļ™āļĄีāļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™์āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ›āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļģāļ™ัāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—้āļ­āļ‡ āļ–ิ่āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āđāļĨāļ°āļ”ูāļ§่āļēāļĄัāļ™āļĄี. āļ™ั่āļ™āļ„ืāļ­āļŠิ่āļ‡āļ—ี่āļˆāļēāļĢึāļāđ„āļ› DBA āļŦāļĢืāļ­ "āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāđ€āļ›็āļ™" āļ‰ัāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢูāļ›āđāļšāļšāļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡āļŦāļĢืāļ­āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠื่āļ­āļŦāļĢืāļ­āļŠื่āļ­āļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āđ€āļĨืāļ­āļāļŦāļēāļāļĄัāļ™āđāļĨ้āļ§āļ„ืāļ­. āļ–้āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļŠื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—่āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļģāļ™ัāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļœู้āļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ„ุāļ“āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļŸิāļĨāļ”์āļ­āļ­ āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™์āļ‹ื้āļ­. āļŦāļēāļāļ„ุāļ“āđāļĢāļāļŸิāļĨāļ”์āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠูāļāđ€āļŠีāļĒāđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļŦāļēāļāđ„āļĄ่āļžื้āļ™āļ—ี่āļĢัāļšāļœิāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļŠāļģāļ™ัāļāļ‡āļēāļ™. āļŠื่āļ­āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ $ 50 āļ‚ึ้āļ™āļ­āļĒู่āļัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļŠีāļ§ิāļ•āļ­āļĒู่āđāļĨāļ°āļ„ุāļ“āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļĄีāļŠื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—่āļēāļ™āļŦāļĢืāļ­āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ›ี. āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđƒāļŦ้āđāļ™่āđƒāļˆāļ§่āļēāđ€āļžื่āļ­āļšัāļ™āļ—ึāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļēāļĐāļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠื่āļ­āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ.

āļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļœู้āļ”ูāđāļĨāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™ - āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™ DBA āđ€āļŠ้āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡

āđ€āļĢิ่āļĄ āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™ิāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāļ”้āļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒีāļĄีāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļŠูāļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—ั้āļ‡āļ—ี่āļŠูāļ‡āļ‚ึ้āļ™āđ€āļ‰āļĨี่āļĒāļŠ่āļ§āļ‡āđ€āļĢิ่āļĄ āļ•้āļ™āđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™. āļŦāļēāļāļ„ุāļ“āļĒัāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļēāđāļĢāļāļ­āļ‡āļĻāļēāđƒāļ™āļŸิāļĨāļ”์āļ”้āļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™ิāļ„āļŦāļĢืāļ­āđ‚āļ­āļ™āđ„āļ›āļĒัāļ‡āļ­ีāļāļ­āļēāļŠีāļž, āļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™āļŠั่āļ‡āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāđ€āļžิ่āļĄāļ‚ึ้āļ™āđƒāļŦ้āļŠูāļ‡āļāļ§่āļēāļĄāļēāļāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ­ื่āļ™āđ†āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļ­āļēāļŠีāļž. āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”้āļĢัāļšāđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™āļ—ี่āļŠูāļ‡āļ‚ึ้āļ™āļ—ี่āļŠ่āļ§āļ™āļ—้āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļēāļ‡āļ§ัāļĨāļŠั่āļ‡āļĄัāļ™āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŠิ่āļ‡āļ—ี่āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™ āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļĢัāļšāđƒāļšāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļšāļēāļ‡āļ‹ึ่āļ‡āļŠ่āļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦ้āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļ‚่āļ‡āļ‚ัāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠ่āļ§āļ‡āļāļ§้āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ DBA āļ‡āļēāļ™.

āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āļˆ้āļēāļ‡āļœู้āļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļ—ี่āļĄีāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠิāļ—āļ˜ิāļ āļēāļžāļĒิ่āļ‡āļ‚ึ้āļ™. āļœู้āļ”ูāđāļĨāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—ั้āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢ āļĢัāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ ัāļĒāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢัāļšāļ›āļĢุāļ‡āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļ—ี่āļĄีāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄั่āļ™āļ„āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ‚้āļēāļ–ึāļ‡āđ„āļ”้. āļ”้āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļˆāļĢิāļāđ€āļ•ิāļšāđ‚āļ•āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠํāļēāļ„ัāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļ•ัāļ”āļŠิāļ™āđƒāļˆāđ€āļžื่āļ­āđƒāļŦ้āļĄั่āļ™āđƒāļˆ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚้āļēāļ–ึāļ‡āļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ—ี่āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļŠāļĄัāļĒ āđƒāļŦāļĄ่. āļŠāļŦāļĢัāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢิāļāļēāđāļ•่āļĨāļ°āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āđ€āļ”ีāļĒāļ§āļ•ั้āļ‡āļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļˆāļēāļāļˆํāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āļœูāļ‹ัāļžāļžāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ­āļ­āļĢ์āļ—ี่āđ€āļ›็āļ™ āļŦāļĨัāļāđƒāļŦ้āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Oracle, MySQL āđāļĨāļ° Microsoft. āļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļœู้āļ”ูāđāļĨāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ—ี่āđ„āļ”้āļŠูāļ‡āļŠุāļ”āđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™āļŠ่āļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļ”ึāļ‡āļ”ูāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢัāļš āļ›āļĢุāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļšāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡.

āļŦāļēāļāđ€āļŠ้āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļĒัāļ‡āļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ„ุāļ“āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—ั้āļ‡āļŦāļĨัāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžิāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢ์ āļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢ์āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒีāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§่āļēāļ‡āļ—ี่āļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄ. āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚้āļēāđƒāļˆāļ—ี่āļŠāļĄāļšูāļĢāļ“์āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ§ิāļ§ัāļ’āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžัāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•์āđāļ§āļĢ์āļ„ุāļ“āļ­āļĒู่āđƒāļ™ āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™่āļ‡āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ—ี่āļˆํāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨี่āļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡āđ„āļ›āļĒัāļ‡āļ­ีāļāļŦāļēāļāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™. āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļœู้āđƒāļŦ้āļšāļĢิāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļ—ี่āļĄีāļĻัāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļžāļ™ัāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĢิ่āļĄāļ•้āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš.

āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļœู้āļ—ี่āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļัāļš Oracle āļ—ี่āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļัāļšāđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Oracle āļ—ี่āļœ่āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļœู้āđ€āļŠี่āļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļ”้āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—ี่āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ„āļĢั้āļ‡āđāļĢāļ āļŠāļ™āļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Oracle āļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—. āļāļēāļĢāļีāļŽāļēāđƒāļšāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ™ี้āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠ้āļĄāļēāļāļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļāļĢāđāļ•่āļ—ี่āļˆāļ°āļŠāļ™āļ°āđ€āļĢื่āļ­āļ‡āļ—ี่āđƒāļŦāļ่āļ—ี่ āļŠุāļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļēāļĐāđ€āļžิ่āļĄāđ€āļ•ิāļĄāļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļšāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļœู้āđ€āļŠี่āļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļœ่āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨ้āļ§āļ—ี่āļœ่āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢ āļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢ์.

Microsoft āđ„āļ”้āļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ•ั้āļ‡āđāļ•่āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™ิāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœ่āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļœู้āđ€āļŠี่āļĒāļ§ āļŠāļēāļāļ—ี่āļˆāļģāļัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚้āļēāļ–ึāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ‚้āļēāđƒāļˆāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļœู้āđ€āļŠี่āļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™ิāļ„ āļ§ิāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦ์āļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡. āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļ—ี่āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļœู้āđ€āļŠี่āļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™ิāļ„āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļĢิ่āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļัāļš Microsoft SQL āļ—ี่āđ€āļ‹ิāļĢ์āļŸāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢ์āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļāļĢāļ§ิāļŠāļēāļŠีāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļĄีāđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™ิāļ„āđ€āļžิ่āļĄāđ€āļ•ิāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆ āļ›ัāļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļ™āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļžัāļ’āļ™āļē. āļšāļĢāļĢāļ”āļēāļœู้āļ—ี่āļĄีāđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™āļŠูāļ‡āļŠุāļ”āđƒāļ™ Microsoft āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āđƒāļšāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļšāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒีāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻāļœู้āđ€āļŠี่āļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāđƒāļšāļŠุāļ—āļ˜ิ, āļ—ี่āļŠุāļ”āđ€āļ„āļēāļĢāļžāļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Microsoft.

āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āđ€āļžิ่āļĄāđ€āļ•ิāļĄāļŦัāļ™āđ„āļ›āļ‹āļ­āļĢ์āļŠāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒี MySQL āļĢัāļšāļœู้āļ”ูāđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœ่āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āđāļĨāļ°āļ™ัāļāļžัāļ’āļ™āļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļžิ่āļĄāđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™āļŠ่āļ§āļ‡āđƒāļ™ āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ— MySQL āļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļˆāļ°āļŠ่āļ§āļĒāļ„ุāļ“āļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāļ—ั้āļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›ัāļˆāļˆุāļšัāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›ิāļ”āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļš āļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāđƒāļ™āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āļ­ื่āļ™āđ†. āļŦāļĨุāļĒāļŠ์ Zhang, Certdatabaseadministrator āļ”āļ­āļ—āļ„āļ­āļĄ

āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ”ุāļĐāļŽีāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ• - DBA - āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āđƒāļŦāļĄ่?

āļ„ุāļ“āļĢู้āđ„āļŦāļĄāļ§่āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļŦāļĢัāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢิāļāļēāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§่āļē 90,000 āļœāļĨิāļ•āļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļ›ี? āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆัāļāļĢāđƒāļŦāļ่āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ­ัāļ™āļ”ัāļšāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœู้āļœāļĨิāļ•āļœāļĨิāļ•āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§่āļē 10,000 āļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļ›ี? āļšāļēāļ‡āļ—ีāļ„ุāļ“āļ­āļēāļˆāļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļ„ิāļ”āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļˆāļ°āđāļ•่āļ„ุāļ“āļžāļšāļ§่āļēāđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļˆāļĢิāļ‡, āđ€āļืāļ­āļšāļ—ุāļāļัāļšāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•? āļˆāļĢิāļ‡āđ†āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡āđ„āļ”้āļžูāļ”āļ§่āļēāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āđ€āļ›็āļ™āđ€āļŦāļĒื่āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢ็āļˆ,. āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āđ„āļĄ่āđ€āļŠ่āļ™āļžāļēāļŠāļ›āļ­āļĢ์āļ•, āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŠ่āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢิāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāļ—ี่āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢ็āļˆāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļิāļˆ - āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ™ี้āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ—ี่āļĢู้āļˆัāļāļ•่āļģāļŠุāļ”āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļāļĢāļĒี่āļŦ้āļ­.

āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĄāļēāļ„āļĄāļ„ืāļ­āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ• 1300 āļ•āļ­āļšāļ§่āļēāļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•ุāļ—ี่āļ§่āļēāđ€āļ‚āļēāļĄีāļ›āļĢิāļāļāļēāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļ”ัāļ‡āļ™ี้āļŦāļēāļāļ—่āļēāļ™āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āđƒāļŦ้āļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ­āļ‡āļĻāļē (82%), āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠ (79%) āđ€āļĢ้āļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›ัāļāļāļē (70%) āđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđ€āļ”ืāļ­āļ™āđ€āļžิ่āļĄ (67%) āļ—ัāļāļĐāļ°āļ—ั่āļ§āđ„āļ› (64%), āđ€āļ›āļĨี่āļĒāļ™āļ—ิāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļēāļŠีāļž (61%) āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžิ่āļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠื่āļ­āļĄั่āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ (52%). āļ‚āļ­āļ­āļ ัāļĒāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ™ัāļāđ€āļĢีāļĒāļ™āļĄีāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ—ี่āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžิ่āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ„่āļēāļˆ้āļēāļ‡āļŦāļĢืāļ­āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļ›āļĢัāļšāļ›āļĢุāļ‡āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢ āļˆ้āļēāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢ็āļˆāļāļēāļĢāļĻึāļāļĐāļēāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄ่āļ–ูāļāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™ัāļ. āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢิāļ‡āļ—ี่āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļ—ี่āļĄีāļ„่āļēāđƒāļŠ้āļˆ่āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”้āļĢัāļšāļ›āļĢิāļāļāļēāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ• āđ€āļ‚ีāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ™ื่āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āđ„āļĄ่āđƒāļŠ่āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™์āđ€āļ›āļĢีāļĒāļš āđ€āļ—ีāļĒāļšāļัāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ“์āļŦāļĢืāļ­āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšัāļ•ิāļ­ื่āļ™āđ†.

āļ›้āļ­āļ™āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ”ุāļĐāļŽีāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ• (DBA). DBA āļ—ี่āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļĄืāļ­āļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšัāļ•ิāļ—ี่āđ€āļ›็āļ™āđāļžāļ—āļĒ์āđāļžāļ—āļĒ์āļ—ี่āļĄีāļ”ีāļāļĢีāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļē āļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢีāļĒāļ™āļĢู้āđāļĨāļ°āļŠ่āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢิāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™ัāļāļĢ่āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļิāļšัāļ•ิāļŸิāļĨāļ”์ . āđ€āļ™ื่āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļ DBA āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļœู้āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻึāļāļĐāļēāļžื้āļ™āļ—ี่āļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ›āļิāļšัāļ•ิāļ™ั้āļ™āļĄัāļ āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŠ่āļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—ี่āļœู้āļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ่āļēāļĒ.

āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļ„ืāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•่āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§่āļēāļ‡ DBA āđāļĨāļ° PhD? āļ—ี่ DBA āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļāļĻāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļĄืāļ­āļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāļ—ี่āļĄีāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ“์āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§ิāļˆัāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢ. āđƒāļ™āļ­ีāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡, āđ€āļ™้āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠ่āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢิāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļžัāļ’āļ™āļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĪāļĐāļŽีāđƒāļŦāļĄ่āļĄุāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡. DBA āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ—ี่āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢัāļšāļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšัāļ•ิāđ€āļ—ีāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—่āļēāļ–āļēāļ§āļĢ PhD. āđ€āļŠ่āļ™āđ€āļ”ีāļĒāļ§āļัāļš LJM āļĢัāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨัāļĒ "āļ‡่āļēāļĒāđ†, PhD, āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļŠ่āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢิāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—ี่ DBA āļŠ่āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢิāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļิāļšัāļ•ิāđƒāļ™āļ—ั้āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ“ีāđ€āļŦāļĨ่āļēāļ™ี้āđƒāļŦāļĄ่āļœāļĨāļĨัāļžāļ˜์." āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—ี่āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨัāļĒ Surrey āļ­ัāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ, "āļāļēāļĢāļĄีāļŠิāļ—āļ˜ิ์ DBA āđƒāļ™āļ›ัāļˆāļˆุāļšัāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆ. āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļĢัāļāļĐāļēāļ—ี่āļ”ีāļāļ§่āļēāļš่āļ­āļĒāļāļ§่āļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļิāļˆāļ›ิāļ”āđ„āļ› doctoral āļ›āļāļĢāļ“ัāļĄ. āđ€āļ™ื่āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ§ิāļ˜ีāļāļēāļĢāļ—ี่āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļāļ§้āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĪāļĐāļŽีāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļิāļšัāļ•ิāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§ิāļˆัāļĒāļžื้āļ™āļāļēāļ™."

āļĄัāļāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° DBA āļ–ูāļāđāļš่āļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°. āļŠ่āļ§āļ™āđāļĢāļāļ„ืāļ­āļŠāļ­āļ™āļ‹ึ่āļ‡āļ‚ึ้āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ§ิāļˆัāļĒāļ§ิāļ˜ีāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļĄāļ”ูāļĨāđ€āļžื่āļ­āļŠ่āļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦ้āļœู้ āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāļ—ี่āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļžัāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĨึāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚้āļēāđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āļ§ิāļˆัāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢิāļāļāļēāđ€āļ­āļ. āļ‚ั้āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ™ี้āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŦāļ™ึ่āļ‡āļ–ึāļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ›ีāđāļĨāļ°āļĄัāļāļˆāļ°āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļœู้āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚้āļ­āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļĢัāļāļĐāļē āļ§ิāļˆัāļĒ. āļ‚ั้āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ—ี่āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ„ืāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ§ิāļˆัāļĒāļ—ี่āļĄีāļœู้āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāđ€āļžื่āļ­āļŠāļĢ้āļēāļ‡āļ•้āļ™āļ‰āļšัāļšāļŠิ้āļ™āļ§ิāļˆัāļĒāđ€āļ™้āļ™āđƒāļŠ้ āļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠิ่āļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨ้āļ­āļĄ. āļ‹ึ่āļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļĄีāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ–ึāļ‡āļŠี่āļ›ี. āļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļšัāļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāļŠāļēāļĄāđāļĒāļāđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļ™ิāļžāļ™āļ˜์āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāļģāļĨัāļ‡āđ€āļŠื่āļ­āļĄāļ•่āļ­āđāļĨāļ° āļ§ิāļ˜ีāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžื่āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄิāļ™āļžืāļŠāđ€āļĄื่āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĢ็āļˆ. āļāļēāļĢāļ•ิāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ­āļĒู่āđāļĨ้āļ§āļ—ี่āđāļ™āļšāļัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āđƒāļŦ้āļĄีāļ­āļēāļĒุāļĒืāļ™āļĒāļēāļ§ (āļāļēāļĢāļ›้āļ­āļ‡āļัāļ™). āļœู้āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāļ—ี่āļŠāļģāđ€āļĢ็āļˆāļˆāļ°āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“ูāļ›āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ§ิāļˆัāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļˆัāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļึāļ.

āļ—ี่ DBA āļĄีāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨัāļĒāļ—ั่āļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ. āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļ็āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļĄื่āļ­āļ—ี่āđ€āļĨืāļ­āļāļŦāļĨัāļāļŠูāļ•āļĢāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŠิ่āļ‡āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāđ€āļžื่āļ­āđƒāļŦ้āļĄั่āļ™āđƒāļˆāļ§่āļēāļĄีāļ—ี่ āļĢู้āļˆัāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨัāļĒ - āđ€āļ‚้āļēāļĻึāļāļĐāļēāđƒāļ™āļĒุāđ‚āļĢāļ›āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļāļĢāđ€āļŠ่āļ™ EQUIS āđāļĨāļ° EDAMBA āļŦāļĢืāļ­āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢิāļัāļ™ AACSB. āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļāļ•ิāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ„āļģāļ‚āļ­āđƒāļ”āđ†āļ—ี่āđ€āļี่āļĒāļ§āļ‚้āļ­āļ‡āļัāļšāļœู้āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ­āļāđƒāļšāļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚้āļ­āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­ āļ§ิāļˆัāļĒ. āļ‚้āļ­āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļ—ี่āļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦ้āđāļ™่āđƒāļˆāļ§่āļēāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨัāļĒāļ›ิāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžิāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļิāļšัāļ•ิāļ—ี่āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļ āļžิāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“ีāļ—ี่āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠูāļ‡āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļžิāđ€āļĻāļĐāļŸิāļĨāļ”์. āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™ี้āļĒัāļ‡āđ€āļžื่āļ­āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ§่āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļ‚้āļ­āļĄูāļĨāļžื้āļ™āļāļēāļ™āđ€āļี่āļĒāļ§āļัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļšāļŠāļ§āļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢ. āļœู้āļŠāļĄัāļ„āļĢāļ•้āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”้āļĢัāļšāļ›āļĢิāļāļāļēāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļŦāļĢืāļ­āđ€āļ—ีāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—่āļēāļ›āļĢิāļāļāļē āļ•āļĢีāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ§่āļēāļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ„āļ”้āļĢัāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ“์āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—ี่āļĢāļ°āļ”ัāļšāļŠูāļ‡āļŠุāļ”āļŦāļĢืāļ­ āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ“์. āđ„āļĄ่āđƒāļŠ่āļžื้āļ™āđ€āļĄืāļ­āļ‡āļ­ัāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļĨāļģāđ‚āļžāļ‡āļĄีāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠัāļ™āļ™ิāļĐāļāļēāļ™āļ—ี่āļĢāļ°āļ”ัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļš IELTS 7.0 āļŦāļĢืāļ­āđ€āļ—ีāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—่āļē.

āļ—ี่ DBA āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•ิāļˆึāļ‡āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ­ัāļ™āļ”ัāļšāļ—ี่āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•. āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļĄีāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļ­ื่āļ™āđ†. āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļžิāđ€āļĻāļĐāđāļĨāļ°āļ™้āļ­āļĒāļĄāļēāļāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļœู้āļ™āļģ. āļ”ัāļ‡āļ™ั้āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ”ุāļĐāļŽีāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļ—ี่āļˆัāļ”āļ‚ึ้āļ™āđ€āļžื่āļ­āđāļ—āļ™āļ—ี่āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļē āļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āđ€āļ›็āļ™ "āļ•้āļ­āļ‡" āļ—ี่āļĄีāļ„ุāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļŠีāļ§ิāļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠัāļ‡āļ„āļĄ - āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĢีāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—ีāļĒāļšāļัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĨ่āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ™āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ– "āđāļžāļ—āļĒ์" āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļ„ืāļ­āļ™āļēāļĄāļšัāļ•āļĢ! āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļ—ี่āļ”ีāļāļ§่āļēāļ§ิāļ˜ีāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”้āļĢัāļšāļĢุāļĄ?

Hugh O'Connell āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļœู้āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļāļĢ. āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĢāļ°āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļœู้āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļœāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™-āđ„āļ­āļ—ีāļ›āļĢึāļāļĐāļēāļˆāļģāļัāļ”, āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ, āđāļĨāļ° UniRoute āļˆāļģāļัāļ”āļŪ่āļ­āļ‡āļāļ‡. āđāļœāļ™-āđ„āļ­āļ—ีāļŠั้āļ™āļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļ­ัāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨัāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĄีāļŠ่āļ§āļ‡āļāļ§้āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļึāļ āļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„์āļāļĢāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ. āļĨ่āļēāļŠุāļ”āđāļœāļ™āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļ”ุāļĐāļŽีāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ• (DBA) āļŦāļĨัāļāļŠูāļ•āļĢāđƒāļ™āļāļĢุāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļŊāļัāļšāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§ิāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨัāļĒāļŠั้āļ™āļ™āļģāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ. Hugh āļĒัāļ‡āļĄีāļšāļĢิāļŦāļēāļĢāļ˜ุāļĢāļิāļˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļšัāļ“āļ‘ิāļ•āđāļĨāļ° DBA.

DBA āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄ

āđƒāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨืāļ­āļāļ—ี่āļĄีāļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāđƒāļ™āļĄัāļ™āļĄัāļ™āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļŠิ่āļ‡āļ—ี่āļŠāļģāļ„ัāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļ—ี่āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļŠāļēāļ‚āļēāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ. āļĄีāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļēāļ‚āļēāļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠ้āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄ. āļ•ัāļ§āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠ่āļ™āļĄี ACT!, āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ Microsoft Access āđāļĨāļ° FileMaker āļœู้āđ€āļŠี่āļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļ.

āļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ—ุāļāļžื้āļ™āļ—ี่āđ€āļŦāļĨ่āļēāļ™ี้āļˆāļ°āļĄีāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™์āļĄāļēāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļš āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—āļ—ี่āļĄีāļŠื่āļ­āđ€āļŠีāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļŦ้āđ€āļŠ่āļē. āđ€āļĢีāļĒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļžāļ‡āļĄāļēāļāđāļ•่āļ—ี่āļĄูāļĨāļ„่āļēāđ€āļ‡ิāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—ี่āļˆāļ°āļ–้āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŸิāļĨāļ”์.

āđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļĨัāļšāļัāļ™āļ–้āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļžิāđ€āļĻāļĐ, āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ‚ั้āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ–ัāļ”āđ„āļ›āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„ุāļ“āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢ็āļˆ. āļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđƒāļšāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄ่āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›็āļ™āļ•้āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§่āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļāļģāļĨัāļ‡āļ”ีāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļˆ้āļēāļŦāļ™้āļēāļ—ี่āđ€āļĨืāļ­āļ āļ•ั้āļ‡āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļžื้āļ™āļ—ี่āļ่āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļš. āļ‹ึ่āļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļĻัāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļ™āļēāļĒāļˆ้āļēāļ‡āļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āļˆāļĢิāļ‡āļˆัāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļēāļŠีāļžāļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āđ€āļĨืāļ­āļ.

āļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļēāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠ่āļ™āļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢั้āļ‡āđāļĢāļāļ—ี่. āļ–้āļēāļ”้āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•ุāļœāļĨāđƒāļ”āļ็āļ•āļēāļĄāļ„ุāļ“āļ„ิāļ”āļ§่āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļ­āļēāļˆāđ„āļĄ่āđ„āļ”้āđƒāļ™āļšāļĢิāđ€āļ§āļ“āļ™ี้āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§, āļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚้āļēāļĄāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡. āđāļ•่āļ–้āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļ­āļĒ่āļēāļ‡āļˆāļĢิāļ‡āļˆัāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŸิāļĨāļ”์āļ™ี้, āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļĄั่āļ™āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠิāļ—āļ˜ิāļ•ิāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄ.

āļ™āļēāļĒāļˆ้āļēāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ›āļ—ี่āļ”้āļēāļ™āļŦāļ™้āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄุāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ—ี่āđ„āļĄ่. āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ°āļšุāļ§่āļēāļ„ุāļ“āļĄีāļ—ัāļāļĐāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āđƒāļ™āļŸิāļĨāļ”์. āļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ›็āļ™āļšิāļ•āđāļžāļ‡āļ‚ึ้āļ™āļ­āļĒู่āļัāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—ี่āļ„ุāļ“āļ­āļĒู่āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§่āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžิāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļē. āļĄีāļŦāļĨัāļāļŠูāļ•āļĢāļ„ุāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠ้āđ€āļžื่āļ­āļĢ่āļ§āļĄāđƒāļŦ้āļ•้āļ™āļ—ุāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļĒัāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄีāļ„่āļē.

āđ„āļĄ่āđ„āļĄ่āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ—ี่āđ€āļĢีāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļึāļāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļ•่āļēāļ‡āđ†āđ„āļ­āļ—ีāļžื้āļ™āļ—ี่āđāļĨāļ°āļĢัāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ—ุāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļ—ี่ āļ”ีāļัāļšāđ€āļŠื้āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•ิ. āļ™ี้āđ€āļ›ิāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ•ูāđ€āļžิ่āļĄāđ€āļ•ิāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢัāļšāļ„ุāļ“āđƒāļ™āļŸิāļĨāļ”์āļ—ี่āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžิāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢ์āđƒāļŠ้āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦ้āļ„ุāļ“āļ—ี่āļ”ี āđ€āļี่āļĒāļ§āļัāļšāđƒāļŦāļ่āļšāļĢิāļĐัāļ—.


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